Maternal colostral leukocytes appear to enhance cell-mediated recall response, but inhibit humoral recall response in prime-boost vaccinated calves

- Colostral antibodies block development of humoral and cellular immunity.
- Colostral leukocytes negatively influence the development of humoral immunity.
- Colostral leukocytes positively influence the development of cellular immunity.

Whether colostral leukocytes (CLs) of vaccinated dams influence the immune response of neonatal calves following vaccination against the same antigen as their respective dams remains unanswered. Therefore, we compared the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses after vaccination in calves that had received CL-free or maternal CL-enriched colostrum from a cell-free colostrum bank of nonvaccinated cows. Also, vaccinated calves that had received fresh maternal colostrum from their own dam were included in the study. Moreover, we analyzed whether the post-partum time of priming vaccination (day 2, 5 or 10) of the calves could influence the outcome of the immune responses. All calves received a booster vaccination 23 days after the priming vaccination. All calves showed only an increase in tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific antibodies and TT-induced proliferation after booster vaccination. Tetanus toxoid-specific antibody responses in calves increased immediately after booster vaccination, irrespective of whether or not their cell-free bank colostrum had been enriched with CLs from their own dam. Conversely, calves receiving their own plain dam colostrum displayed a later humoral response, due to colostral antibodies. After booster vaccination, calves of the CL-enriched colostrum group had a more pronounced antigen-specific proliferative response than the calves of the CL-free colostrum group. We propose that CLs might have a suppressive influence on the emergence of the TT-specific antibodies, but an enhancing effect on the TT-specific lymphocyte proliferation of newborn calves upon TT vaccination, which is dependent on the time point of the priming vaccination.