Modeling species invasions in Ecopath with Ecosim: An evaluation using Laurentian Great Lakes models

► Modeling species invasion in Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) models is not straightforward. ► Four methods for incorporating species invasion into EwE models for two Great Lakes were described. ► Method performance depended on the model used, but all methods reproduced biomass dynamics of invasives. ► Advantages and disadvantages of each method were discussed and overall recommendations provided.