New citriculture system suppresses native and augmented entomopathogenic nematodes

An 'Advanced Production System' (APS) dramatically changed soil properties such as pH (P < 0.001; panel A) compared to properties in conventional citriculture (CC). Responses by soil organisms to these changes included higher infestation rates by the bacterium Paenibacillus sp. on the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema diaprepesi (P = 0.05; panel B), which may have contributed to reduced numbers of infective juveniles (IJs) of native nematodes in APS plots (P = 0.01; panel C).