Ten challenges for computer models in transitions research: Commentary on Holtz et al.

- The emergence of a modelling community within the transitions field is welcomed.
- Lessons from other areas of social system modelling are explored.
- Ontological and epistemological challenges of modelling transitions are highlighted.
- Pluralist bridging is suggested as a strategy for using models alongside socio-technical analysis.

The emergence of a dedicated modelling community within the transitions field is to be welcomed, and the authors of a recent paper in EIST (Holtz et al., 2015) make many valuable points. We build on their position paper in two ways. First, we reflect on some of the ways in which modelling in other areas of 'sustainability science' has sometimes fallen short of the strengths articulated. Second, we extend some of Holtz et al.'s discussion of the epistemological and ontological challenges for modelling transitions. We suggest ten challenges in response to the more optimistic claims made by Holtz et al., and we provide some additional suggestions for ways forward. In particular, we suggest that seeking closer integration of qualitative, socio-technical analysis with models may not always be the best strategy. Rather, pluralist 'bridging strategies' and dialogue between analytic approaches may be more productive.