Analysis and modeling of neural processes underlying sensory preconditioning

► We show that crickets can associate between neutral sensory stimuli. ► This was demonstrated by the capability of sensory preconditioning (SPC). ► In crickets, octopamine or dopamine participates in appetitive or aversive learning. ► We show that associations between neutral stimuli occur without these transmitters. ► Octopamine, however, participate in memory retrieval after appetitive SPC training.