Economic gradients in early child neurodevelopment: A multi-country study

► This is the first study of wealth gradients in child neurodevelopment in the first two years of life in multiple countries. ► Large differences in wealth gradients in neurodevelopment are observed between the study countries. ► Children in wealthier households in Brazil have significantly higher neurodevelopmental achievement than poorer children. ► Neurodevelopment differences by wealth are small or insignificant in Argentina, Ecuador, and Chile. ► Wealth is associated with a wider gap between children at opposite tails of the neurodevelopment distribution in Brazil.