Antiarrhythmic effects of vagal nerve stimulation after cardiac sympathetic denervation in the setting of chronic myocardial infarction

After CSD, the beneficial electrophysiological effects of VNS remain. Furthermore, VNS can reduce VT inducibility beyond CSD in the setting of circulating catecholamines, suggesting a role for additional parasympathetic modulation in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.