Gender-based differential item function for the difficulties in emotion regulation scale

• Emotion regulation differences across gender may result in measurement bias
• Men and women (N = 679) completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
• Analyses examined gender-based differential item functioning (DIF) on the 36-item DERS
• Two items demonstrated statistically and clinically significant gender-based DIF
• Additional work should examine emotion regulation measures for potential item bias

Emotion dysregulation is a mechanism central to the development and maintenance of various psychological disorders. Notably, men and women may differ in their experience of emotion regulation; for instance, women generally report more frequent use of problematic emotion regulation strategies. While considering the possibility that true gender differences in emotion regulation exist, it is also important to ensure that measures assessing the process of emotion regulation are not biased toward one group over the other. The current study examined differential item functioning (DIF) in a commonly used, 36-item measure of emotion dysregulation – the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Participants (N = 679, 48.3% women) completed the DERS. Results demonstrated statistically-significant DIF in several of the items; two items met more stringent criteria for clinically-significant DIF. Findings suggest that further evaluation of emotion regulation measures may yield insight regarding the assessment of gender differences for emotion regulation and related constructs.