Epidural anesthesia in Egyptian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): a comparison of lidocaine, xylazine and a combination of lidocaine and xylazine

Caudal epidural anesthesia was easily performed in Egyptian water buffalo by administering a local anesthetic, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist or a combination of both drugs through the sacrococcygeal joint. Administering a combination of lidocaine and xylazine provided a longer duration of anesthesia than either drug used alone. Epidural xylazine provided a useful level of systemic sedation without ataxia.