Nature conservation and religion : An excursion into the Zoroastrian religion and its historical benefits for the protection of forests, animals and natural resources

This article discusses the historical role of religion in nature conservation. After a brief overview over the main world religions, the article focuses on the Zoroastrian religion of ancient Persia. It is argued, that Zarathustra's teachings were particularly focused on proper care for trees, forests, animals, land and other natural resources. For example, under the influence of Zoroastrianism, Persian kings established the world's first forestry administration and nature reserve; and animal sacrifices were prohibited.The influence of Zarathustra on nature and forest conservation or animal husbandry may not be visible in the modern world, where Zoroastrianism has widely been substituted by Islam. Nonetheless, some cultural practices are still visible, such as an annual tree planting week that takes place in today's Iran.

► Religion has historically played a crucial role in human engagement with nature.
► The Zoroastrian religion had an important focus on nature conservation.
► In ancient Persia, Kings were influenced by Zarathustra to protect natural resources.
► Zarathustra ordered the protection of trees, forests, animals and natural resources.
► Few impacts may still be visible in today's Iran.