Evidence of remodeling in peripheral airways of patients with mild to moderate asthma: Effect of hydrofluoroalkane-flunisolide

Our data show that there is a considerable degree of airway remodeling in peripheral airways in patients with asthma and confirm the inability of ICS to modulate collagen deposition and TGF-β expression. Treatment with HFA-flunisolide is associated with a significant decrease in the expression of α-smooth muscle actin in peripheral airways, which correlated with improvement in peripheral airway function.