Classical and novel approaches to the preclinical testing of anxiolytics: A critical evaluation

► Over 90% of anxiety studies employ the 14 classical tests developed before 1985. ► Yet classical tests poorly predicted the clinical efficacy of novel anxiolytics. ► To improve predictions, 115 new anxiety tests were developed since 1985. ► Their review shows that each has potential but neither is frequently used. ► A novel strategy for improving the validity of anxiety testing is proposed.