Are there volumetric brain differences associated with the use of cocaine and amphetamine-type stimulants?

► Loci of decreased cortical volume are consistently reported. ► Almost all studies indicate decreased volume in all or parts of the frontal cortex. ► A core group of studies implicate the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the insula. ► An enlarged striatal volume has been repeatedly observed. ► Reports on volume differences in the hippocampus and amygdala have been equivocal.