Investigation on the effect of microstructure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell porous layers on liquid water behavior by soft X-ray radiography

► Liquid water behavior in the PEMFC was visualized by soft X-ray radiography. ► High resolution imaging realized the visualization of water accumulation behavior. ► Effect of adding the MPL on liquid water behavior was investigated. ► Effect of the GDL microstructure on liquid water behavior was investigated. ► Detailed understanding of the network of liquid water is important.