Oxidized phospholipid-induced inflammation is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2

► How is inflammation linked to oxidative tissue damage? ► Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) induced TLR2-dependent gene expression in macrophages. ► OxPL induced inflammation in wild-type, but not in TLR2 KO mice. ► TLR2 KO mice were protected against CCl4-induced oxidative tissue damage. ► We conclude that TLR2 senses oxidative tissue damage by recognizing OxPL.