Activation of the JNK pathway by nanosecond pulsed electric fields

► Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are known effective for cancer therapy. ► We showed the rapid induction of the JNK pathway by nsPEFs. ► nsPEFs induced phosphorylation of JNK1, MKK4, and c-Jun. ► nsPEFs induced the elevation of c-jun and c-fos mRNA levels.