Ginkgolide B stimulates signaling events in neutrophils and primes defense activities

Ginkgolide B (GKB) is a bioactive component of the standardized extract from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree (EGb 761), which is used in Chinese and in occidental medicine. GKB is known as a platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist. Here, we provide evidence that GKB per se (0.25-5 μM) stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins, phospholipase D activation, calcium transients, and activation of p38 but not p44/42 Map kinases in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). These stimulatory effects remained relatively weak and primed PMN for subsequent stimulation of respiratory burst (RB) or directed locomotion by the chemoattractant fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) or complement-derived factor C5a. A similar RB priming was observed with rat exudate PMN after in vivo administration of EGb 761 (25 and 50 mg/kg) to rats before pleurisy induction. Thus, GKB primarily induces activation of intracellular signaling events and has the potential to prime cellular functions such as PMN defense activities.