Retractable membrane ceilings for indoor thermal environment of residential buildings

The effects of retractable membrane ceiling on indoor thermal environment are composed of temperature distribution, thermal comfort and energy consumption. It is found that temperature distribution and characteristics are spatial and temporal dependent and that performance enhancement with membrane ceiling unfolding is validated compared with membrane ceiling folding, i.e. 3.7 °C and 0.9 °C. To assess thermal comfort, a revised PMV-PPD method is employed to calculate predicted mean vote and predicted percentage of dissatisfied values. The specific values are within comfort ranges during 11:00-18:00 for both folding and unfolding cases. Moreover, thermal comfort curve with respect to membrane unfolding is smooth and wide, which means that the membrane ceiling can ensure smooth indoor environment. For energy consumption, dynamic energy consumption with membrane unfolding is lower than that with membrane folding. The relationships between outdoor air temperature and energy consumption are established on the basis of experimental results. The comparisons between correlation equations again demonstrate that using retractable membrane ceiling is a direct and efficient way to improve thermal performance and control indoor thermal environment.