Determination of kynurenine levels in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column fluorescence derivatization

Kynurenine (KYN), a tryptophan metabolite, is a crucial compound for modulating neurotransmission because it can be metabolized in vivo into both quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid, which are the agonist and antagonist, respectively, of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. For the highly sensitive detection of KYN by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a fluorescence derivatization of KYN with a benzofurazan-type fluorogenic reagent, 4-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) was investigated in the present study. KYN was derivatized with DBD-F (DBD-KYN) at 60 °C for 30 min, and separated on an octadecylsilica column with a gradient elution of the mobile phase, which consists of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile/methanol/water. DBD-KYN was detected fluorimetrically at 553 nm with an excitation wavelength of 431 nm. The limits of detection and quantification were approximately 0.30 pmol [signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) 3] and 1.0 pmol (S/N, 10) on column, respectively. Plasma KYN levels were successfully determined using 10 μL of rat plasma with satisfactory precision and accuracy. Intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies were 1.7–6.8%, and −10 to 9.6%, respectively. KYN levels in plasma of male Sprague–Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were approximately 2.4 ± 0.32 μmol L−1 (n = 4). The proposed HPLC method was applied to determine KYN levels in the plasma of ketamine-treated rats—the animal model of schizophrenia.