Chromium speciation in human blood samples based on acetyl cysteine by dispersive liquid–liquid biomicroextraction and in-vitro evaluation of acetyl cysteine/cysteine for decreasing of hexavalent chromium concentration

• The IL-BME method was used for chromium speciation and determination by ETAAS with using only a small amount of biological samples.
• The NAC, that is a pharmaceutical drug and nutritional supplement and used as a mucolytic agent, was utilized as ligand.
• Cysteine, prodrug of NAC, was used a chelating agent for extraction of Cr(III) and reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III).
• Cysteine (Cys) can decrease the toxicity of Cr(VI) in blood samples and human body.

A rapid and efficient method based on ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid biomicroextraction (IL-DLLBME) was used for speciation and preconcentration of Chromium (III, VI) in human blood samples before determination by electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometer (ET-AAS). In this method, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a ionic liquid was dissolved in acetone as a dispersant solvent and then the binary solution was rapidly injected by a syringe into the blood samples containing CrIII, which have already complexed by acetyl cysteine (NAC) at optimized pH. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range (LR), limit of detection (LOD) and preconcentration factor (PF) were obtained 0.03–4.4 μg L−1, 0.005 μg L−1 and 10 respectively (RSD <5%). In vitro study show us, the cysteine (Cys) as a prodrug of NAC can decrease the concentration of Cr(VI) in blood samples and human body. Validation of methodology was confirmed by standard reference material (SRM).

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