Catalyst-free sonosynthesis of highly substituted propanamide derivatives in water

• A sonochemical method was optimized for the preparation of propanamides.
• The use of water as a non-hazardous solvent in the synthesis of propanamides.
• Optimization of various parameters was done to obtain maximum yield.
• Ultrasound helps to reduce the reaction time compared to conventional processes.
• Optimized reaction conditions were obtained under ultrasound method (100 W, 40 min).

A clean, rapid and energy-efficient approach to catalyst-free one-pot synthesis of highly substituted propanamide derivatives in water was developed utilizing of the ultrasonic irradiation. The method has been successful in achieving the green chemistry objective. A catalyst-free operation, an energy efficient protocol using ultrasound irradiation instead of conventional heating or stirring and use of water as a non-hazardous, inexpensive and readily available solvent in the one-step reaction against sequential reaction steps thus combining the features of both economic and environmental advantages.

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