Functionalizing carbon nanotubes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells electrode

In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been increasingly considered as an advanced metal catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), owing to their outstanding physical and mechanical characteristics. However, the effective attachment of metal catalysts, uniformly dispersed onto the CNT surface, remains a formidable challenge because of the inertness of the CNT walls. Therefore, the surface functionalization of CNTs seems necessary in most cases in order to enable a homogeneous metal deposition. This review presents the different surface functionalization approaches that provide efficient avenues for the deposition of metal nanoparticles on CNTs, for the application of catalyst supports in PEMFCs with improved reactivity.