Behavior of a unit proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a stack under fuel starvation

► The effect of manifold on the single cell suffered from fuel starvation in a stack is studied. ► The actual hydrogen stoichiometry is almost 1 even though the fed hydrogen is not sufficient due to the “vacuum effect”. ► The position where localized fuel starvation occurs firstly gets closer to the anode inlet (not always outlet) with the decrease of hydrogen stoichiometry.