Nano-size multiple metal oxide anode electrodes synthesized from layered double hydroxides — Electrochemical reaction mechanism and surface morphology change during reaction with lithium ion

• By the introduction of V5 + ion, Ni–V multiple metal oxide showed higher anodic current in lower voltage than nickel oxide.
• Two step reaction, surface film formation above 1.0 V and formation of lithium oxide and nano size metal particles below 1.0 V, was indicated.
• From the result of surface observation by SEM, two step reaction mechanism was conformed.

Electrochemical properties of nano-size Ni–V, Ni–Fe and Mg–Fe multiple metal oxides, prepared from layered double hydroxides as precursors, for the anode electrode of lithium battery has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, AC-impedance and ex-situ by SEM observation. In the CV curves of N–V multiple metal oxide, it became clear that the reaction voltage of vanadium–nickel oxide system shifted to lower voltage than non-dope NiO. AC-impedance and the morphology observation results that the electrochemical reaction of multiple metal oxides with lithium ion proceeds via the two-step reaction: the surface film formation above 1.0 V and the subsequent conversion reaction below 1.0 V.