Preparation and properties of BaTiO3 ceramics from the fine ceramic powder

In the present study, the BaTiO3 ceramic from fine powder with the average particle size of 400 nm and with high tetragonality of 1.0103 was fabricated via solid-state route by employing two step pre-treatments. One is the wet ball milling of the commercially available BaCO3 powder which solved the agglomeration problem and increased the contact points during calcination. The other one is the dry milling of the calcined BaTiO3 powder which separated the powder into single particles and enhanced the stacking density during sintering. The obtained BaTiO3 ceramics showed enhanced dielectric constant of 12,000 at Curie temperature of 125 °C, ferroelectric remnant polarization of 5.33 μC/cm2 and coercive field of 163 V/mm. Besides, the improved BaTiO3 ceramics showed piezoelectric constant d33 of 200 pC/N, which was enhanced by 53.8% from the 130 pC/N of the normal BaTiO3 ceramic.