Effect of Mn2+ ions on the enhancement red upconversion emission and energy transfer of Mn2+/Tm3+/Yb3+ tri-doped transparent glass-ceramics

• Enhanced red UC emission of Mn–Tm–Yb co-doped glass-ceramics were prepared by Mn2+.
• Ratio I698/I478 increases about ten-fold with increase of Mn2+ up to 4.0 mol.%.
• Energy transfer between the Tm3+ ions and the Mn2+–Yb3+ dimer have been discussed.
• Constitution of the ET Bridge between the Tm3+ and the Mn2+–Yb3+ dimer was proposed.

The effects of Mn2+ ions on the enhancement red upconversion emission intensity of Mn2+/Tm3+/Yb3+ tri-doped transparent glass-ceramics were investigated. The ratio I698nm/I478nm significantly increases about ten-fold with the increase of Mn2+ concentrations up to 4.0 mol.%. The red upconversion emission of Mn2+/Tm3+/Yb3+ tri-doped transparent glass-ceramics is greatly enhanced, due to constitution of the energy transfer bridge. The upconversion mechanism, the energy transfer and back energy transfer processes between the (1G4 → 3H6), (3F2 → 3H6) transitions of Tm3+ ions and the ∣2F7/2, 4T1〉 → ∣2F7/2, 6A1〉 transitions of Mn2+–Yb3+ dimer were discussed.

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