Plasma with high electron density and plasma-activated medium for cancer treatment

Although many dramatic therapeutic effects of plasma therapy on cancer cells have been reported, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of plasma remain to be elucidated. The greatest challenge for plasma medical science is to understand the complex system that mediates plasma inputs resulting in physiological outputs such as cell death of cancer cells and proliferation of normal cells. Intracellular molecular mechanisms of PAM are also being intensively studied in order to understand the mode of action of PAM. In this review, we summarize the latest understanding of plasma cancer treatments.