Ab initio modelling of volatile fission products in uranium mononitride

Defects and the incorporation of volatile fission products (xenon, krypton, caesium and iodine) in uranium mononitride are investigated using DFT calculations. Various locations for impurities are considered including at a tetrahedral interstitial position, substitution of a host nitrogen or uranium ion and placed in a Schottky defect (UN bivacancy). The incorporation is energetically more favourable for the latter, although the incorporation energies are positive. The preferred position for volatile fission products in UN is at the larger of the vacancies, either a single uranium vacancy or the uranium vacancy of a Schottky defect. The incorporation of a fission product in a bound [1 0 0]-Schottky defect leads to a tetragonal distortion of the supercell. The impurities considered in this work produce very small perturbations of the crystalline matrix of UN. With the exception of impurities at the interstitial site, which perturb the structure into the second coordination sphere, only the displacement of the atoms at the nearest-neighbour positions is significant. Analysis of the charge distribution after incorporation of the fission product reveals a weak charge transfer for the noble gases, while a larger transfer is displayed for caesium and iodine.