Twinning behavior and lattice rotation in a Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy under ballistic impact

Schematics of lattice rotations observed out of shear bands in the microstructure of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy impacted by the dynamic loading. (a) Grains with nonuniform orientations were divided LABs caused by lattice rotations; (b) some band-like regions in a grain were separated by HABs of 60-70°; (c) unique tension twins with misorientation angles lower than 86° were found more than once due to further lattice rotations after twinning; (d) in twin (T1) -twin (T2) intersection area, sectioned region (S) and matrix part (M) will rotate by a small angle to maintain the compatibility of the neighboring parts.138