Magnetic properties of tin-doped magnetite nanoparticles

Structural and magnetic characteristics of Fe3−xSnxO4 (x<0.3x<0.3) nanoparticles synthesized using the precipitation exchange method have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Mössbauer spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetization measurement. The mean particle dimension decreases from 8 to 6 nm, the lattice parameters enlarge, the saturation magnetization decreases, as well as the magnetization and the coercive field increase, with increasing tin-content. The paramagnetic property of the specimens indicates that the replacement of Fe3+ by Sn4+ on the octahedral sites of Fe3O4 causes a progressive lowering of the Curie temperature and the Curie temperatures of the materials are all lower than that of crystallite tin-doped magnetite. This striking debasing is due to the lessening of the grain size. This is the smallest size reported thus far for paramagnetic tin-doped magnetite particles.