Cell-dose−dependent increases in circulating levels of immune effector cells in rhesus macaques following intracranial injection of allogeneic MSCs

MSCs induced an allograft response in rhesus macaques that involved principally CD8+, CD16+, and CD8+/CD16+ lymphocyte subpopulations and was cell-dose− and haplotype-dependent. This study demonstrates that MSCs are weakly immunogenic in vivo when transplanted across MHC class I barriers.