Effect of diluent polarity on membrane stability in the separation of trace Pd(II) from wastewater by HFSLM using LIX84-I

• HFSLM can successfully extract and strip Pd(II) from the a flexible printed circuit board wastewater (FPCB).
• The highest percentages of extraction and stripping were obtained at 96 and 91%, respectively.
• The separation efficiency of Pd(II) was controlled by the diffusion and chemical reaction.
• The reproducibility of the HFSLM system containing LIX84-I was excellent at standard deviation of 1.3%.
• Hexane offers in the longest lifetime of 350 min.

In a liquid membrane, the type of diluents for the selected extractant plays an important role in membrane stability and separation efficiency. High Pd(II) extraction and stripping of 96% and 91%, respectively, were observed by HFSLM under a feed pH 2, 5% (v/v) LIX84-I dissolved in kerosene and a mixture of 0.8 M NH2CSNH2 with 1 M HCl as a stripping solution. The highest stability was attained at 350 min by using hexane as a diluent. Finally, the calculated activation energy (Ea) of 30 kJ/mol implied that the separation of Pd(II) was controlled by the diffusion and chemical reaction.

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