Earthquake design of timber structures – Remarks on force-based design procedures for different wall systems

• Seismic design philosophies.
• Experimental investigations on wall elements under monotonic and cyclic loading.
• Realistic stiffness of shear walls.
• Fundamental period for multi-storey timber buildings.
• Post-processing of experimental data and input data for design calculations.

Timber structures exhibit excellent performance under earthquake impact if all structural members and details are designed and constructed correctly. As force-based design is most used in engineering practice, the decisive strength and stiffness parameters will be explained. Reference will be made to light-frame structures and cross laminated timber (CLT), which are most common for wall elements to transfer horizontal loading.The focus lies on the explanation of the post-processing of experimental data into input data for design calculations. In this context, the aim is for practical engineers and researchers to have a better mutual understanding. Stiffness, ductility and force reduction factors will be especially addressed. Recommendations are given how to handle several gaps within the code regulations in Europe about the earthquake design of timber structures.