Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Cynoglossus gracilis and a comparative analysis with other Cynoglossinae fishes

• The complete sequence of the mitogenome of Cynoglossus gracilis was first elucidated.
• Rearrangement of genes was detected in C. gracilis mitogenome.
• Phylogenetic analysis showed C. gracilis shares a close ancestor with Cynoglossus semilaevis.

Mitochondrial genomes can provide basic information for phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary studies. We present here the mitochondrial genome of Cynoglossus gracilis, which is 16,565 bp in length. Numerous distinct regions were identified, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, a light-strand replication origin, and a control region. Interestingly, we detected rearrangement of genes in C. gracilis, including a control region translocation, tRNAGln gene inversion, and tRNAIle gene shuffling. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the 13 PCGs using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods reveals that C. gracilis is closely related to Cynoglossus semilaevis. This study provides important mitogenomic data for analyzing phylogenetic relationships in the Cynoglossinae.

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