Computational modeling of electric imaging in weakly electric fish: Insights for physiology, behavior and evolution

• We review the importance of understanding electric field generation in weakly electric fish.
• We review the basic challenges of modeling electric field generation.
• We review different methodological approaches.
• We compare electric field generation in different families and species of electric fish.
• We show the use of modeling for analyzing different meaningful behaviors (electrolocation, communication, etc.).

Weakly electric fish can sense electric signals produced by other animals whether they are conspecifics, preys or predators. These signals, sensed by passive electroreception, sustain electrocommunication, mating and agonistic behavior. Weakly electric fish can also generate a weak electrical discharge with which they can actively sense the animate and inanimate objects in their surroundings. Understanding both sensory modalities depends on our knowledge of how pre-receptorial electric images are formed and how movements modify them during behavior. The inability of effectively measuring pre-receptorial fields at the level of the skin contrasts with the amount of knowledge on electric fields and the availability of computational methods for estimating them. In this work we review past work on modeling of electric organ discharge and electric images, showing the usefulness of these methods to calculate the field and providing a brief explanation of their principles. In addition, we focus on recent work demonstrating the potential of electric image modeling and what the method has to offer for experimentalists studying sensory physiology, behavior and evolution.