Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: Cellular immune response and cross-reactivity

We investigated T cell immunity to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and assessed cross-reactivity of the anti-EBV cellular response with brain antigens. We measured the proliferation, cytotoxicity, and number of interferon-γ secreting cells following stimulation with autologous EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) in MS patients and matched controls. There were no statistically significant differences for any of the measured responses, but there was a trend towards decreased proliferative responses in MS patients. There was no measured cross-reactivity between LCL and brain antigens. We conclude that the cellular immune response against EBV-infected cells is neither increased nor decreased in MS.