3D finite difference model for simulation of double shield TBM tunneling in squeezing grounds

• A 3D modeling of mechanized tunneling with a DS-TBM in squeezing ground is presented.
• The effects of advance rate on the possibility of machine jamming are observed.
• Longitudinal displacement and contact force profiles on shields have been examined.
• Thrust force required to overcome friction and drive TBM forward is calculated.

One of the main concerns in using a shielded machine in deep rock tunnels is the possibility of the shield seizure in squeezing ground. To realistically evaluate the possibility of machine seizure in such grounds, the interaction between the rock mass and shield, lining and backfilling need to be understood. This paper will explain the background theories and the application of numerical analysis for 3D modeling of mechanized tunneling by using a double shield TBM in squeezing ground. The discussions will include the effects of advance rate during excavation cycle of a shielded TBM to observe the impact of tunneling rate on the possibility of machine jamming in the squeezing grounds. Simulation results at five reference points on the tunnel circumference along the tunnel or longitudinal displacement profile (LDP) as well as longitudinal contact force profiles (LFP) on both front and rear shields have been examined. Also, maximum thrust force required to overcome friction and drive TBM forward is calculated. This exercise allows for evaluation of the effects of various parameters on convergence and contact forces between the rock and shield, which in turn determines the required propel forces and can define the possibility of machine entrapment.