The Caco-2 cell culture model enables sensitive detection of enhanced protein permeability in the presence of N-decyl-β-d-maltopyranoside

• Caco-2 cell model was used for assessing transepithelial permeability to proteins.
• Similar Papp values of around 4 × 10−10 cm/s were measured for four model proteins.
• Addition of N-decyl-β-d-maltopyranoside considerably increased permeability to erythropoietin.
• Paracellular route of permeation is suggested.
• We showed suitability of Caco-2 model for enhanced protein permeability studies.

Appropriate assessment of transepithelial permeability in vitro is needed to estimate and model trans-mucosal bioavailability to achieve oral delivery of protein biopharmaceuticals. The Caco-2 cell-based intestinal epithelium model is widely used for this purpose for low molecular mass drugs. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of the Caco-2 model for assessing enhanced transepithelial permeability to proteins. Four unrelated proteins were chosen to test the permeability of Caco-2 monolayers. It was found that proteins could cross the epithelium model, in spite of their size. All tested proteins had similar very low apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of around 4 × 10−10 cm/s. Protein stability over three-hour exposure to Caco-2 was also confirmed. Their crossing rate in a cell-free setup was also measured, to determine the upper limit of permeability to proteins. An epithelium permeability enhancer N-decyl-β-d-maltopyranoside (MP C10) was used to demonstrate accelerated permeability conditions. Papp values could be increased dose dependently up to about 1 × 10−7 cm/s, close to the level in the cell-free setup, indicating distinctive potential of the model. This along with enhancing effect of known specific route permeators suggests involvement of the paracellular route in protein transport. Our results thus indicate that the Caco-2 model is a suitable tool for in vitro assessment of enhanced permeability to proteins.