Advances in Dental Materials through Nanotechnology: Facts, Perspectives and Toxicological Aspects

Nanotechnology is currently driving the dental materials industry to substantial growth, thus reflecting on improvements in materials available for oral prevention and treatment. The present review discusses new developments in nanotechnology applied to dentistry, focusing on the use of nanomaterials for improving the quality of oral care, the perspectives of research in this arena, and discussions on safety concerns regarding the use of dental nanomaterials. Details are provided on the cutting-edge properties (morphological, antibacterial, mechanical, fluorescence, antitumoral, and remineralization and regeneration potential) of polymeric, metallic and inorganic nano-based materials, as well as their use as nanocluster fillers, in nanocomposites, mouthwashes, medicines, and biomimetic dental materials. Nanotoxicological aspects, clinical applications, and perspectives for these nanomaterials are also discussed.

TrendsNanotechnology is improving dental materials and overall oral treatment.Nanomaterials used in dentistry may provide mechanical reinforcement, improve aesthetic aspects, and induce antimicrobial and therapeutic effects.Striking recent advances in organic nanotechnology for dentistry have come from polymer-based nanomaterials including modified chitosan, polymeric nanogels, and dendrimers.Emerging nanocomposites for dentistry comprise fillers based mainly on carbon nanomaterials, nano-silica, nano-titania, and nano-zirconia.