Digital video tampering detection: An overview of passive techniques

Video tampering is a process of malicious alteration of video content, so as to conceal an object, an event or change the meaning conveyed by the imagery in the video. Fast proliferation of video acquisition devices and powerful video editing software tools have made video tampering an easy task. Hence, the authentication of video files (especially in surveillance applications like bank ATM videos, medical field and legal concerns) are becoming important. Video tampering detection aims to find the traces of tampering and thereby evaluate the authenticity and integrity of the video file. These methods can be classified into active and passive (blind) methods. In this paper, we present a survey on passive video tampering detection methods. Passive video tampering detection methods are classified into the following three categories based on the type of forgery they address: Detection of double or multiple compressed videos, Region tampering detection and Video inter-frame forgery detection. At first, we briefly present the preliminaries of video files required for understanding video tampering forgery. The existing papers surveyed are presented concisely; the features used and their limitations are summarized in a compact tabular form. Finally, we have identified some open issues that help to identify new research areas in passive video tampering detection.