The formation of (NH4)2V6O16 phase in the synthesized InVO4 for the hydrogen evolving applications

- (NH4)2V6O16 and InVO4 can optimized by pH value and hydrothermal treatment time.
- InVO4 were composed with (NH4)2V6O16 exhibited a higher reactivity.
- InVO4 were composed with (NH4)2V6O16 exhibited improved optical absorption.
- The higher photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was attributed to (NH4)2V6O16.

By controlling the synthesized conditions such as the compositions, pH and hydrothermal temperature of the In (or NH4)-V-O compounds, the structural information have been determined with the potential application in the hydrogen evolving efficiency. When the addition of ammonium ions to adjust the pH with the hydrothermal time of 4 h, there is a maximum hydrogen production of 140.8 μmol/g·cat. The maximum hydrogen production reaches at pH of 5. In addition, the (NH4)2V6O16 phase in the synthesized InVO4 has been observed. This crystalline ammonia vanadium-based material is capable to perform the photocatalysis process in hydrogen evolving.