کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
4760240 | 1421970 | 2017 | 11 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
- Overall, >227,400 facial soft tissues have been collected in the literature.
- Since 2008, data for >5450 new individuals have been reported.
- Herein, updated grand and rolling means are described for the 1883-2017 data.
- The grand means triangulate on population parameters for improved accuracy.
- The new grand means yield a standard error of the estimate = 3.7 mm.
The tallied facial soft tissue thicknesses (or T-Tables) represent grand means of published facial soft tissue thickness sample means. These sample means have been drawn from across the full-breadth of the facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) literature, including forensic science, anthropology and odontology. The report of new summary statistics for >1290 new sub-adults and >2200 new adults since the last T-Table calculation, in 2008 for sub-adults and 2013 for adults respectively, makes their update timely. The maximum sample sizes at any landmark now stand at 3023 for individuals aged 0-11 years old (g-gâ²); 3145 for individuals aged 12-17 years old (n-seâ²); and 10,333 for adults (n-seâ²). Following the recalculation of grand weighted means and comparison to the original 2008 data, some shifts in the T-Table statistics are evident at specific landmarks, namely: 2-2.5 mm increases at gonion (go-goâ²) and mid-mandibular border (mmb-mmbâ²) for adults; 3.5 mm decrease at gonion (go-goâ²) for 12-17 year olds; and 2.0 mm decrease at menton (me-meâ²) for 0-11 year olds. Differences at all other landmarks (91-100% depending on the dataset) were minimal being <1.0 mm. Performance tests of the new grand means as point estimators (using individuals with known FSTT size from the C-Table), show the 2018 T-Table statistics to produce marginally less error than the 2013 means: 2018 standard error of the estimate = 3.7 mm in contrast to 2013 standard error of the estimate = 3.9 mm. The long run nature of the T-Table statistics (i.e., big data) and quantified performance test accuracies on known subjects, earmark the 2018 T-Table as the premier FSTT standard for craniofacial identification casework. In the distant future, this is likely to change as the C-Table raw data repository grows, allowing shorths and shormaxes to be calculated for large samples. Given current raw data repository sample sizes of 0-1574 for T-Table landmarks (notably lower for younger individuals), there is some way to go before enhanced central tendency estimators can entirely replace untrimmed arithmetic means.
Journal: Forensic Science International - Volume 280, November 2017, Pages 113-123