Application of benz[c,d]indolenine-based unsymmetrical squaraine dyes to near-infrared dye-sensitized solar cells

Novel benz[c,d]indolenine-based unsymmetrical near-infrared squaraine dyes having germinal butyl and octyl groups at another indolenine moiety exhibited higher conversion efficiency than the usually used methyl derivative, owing to less aggregate formation and inhibition of approaching I3− species on titanium oxide.124