PMU placement considering various arrangements of lines connections at complex buses

- PMU placement for various connection arrangements at complex buses is formulated.
- The formulation is developed based on ILP that overcome the solving challenges.
- Buses with coupler, double and 1.5 CB buses are considered beside simple buses.
- A probabilistic placement is used to consider only the probable arrangements.
- More PMUs at new optimal places are needed when complex buses are considered.

The aim of PMU placement in power system is to provide network observability. Usually, the PMU placement is done assuming simple bus arrangement for all the network buses. Therefore, it does not guarantee the observability of complex buses under operational arrangements in which the lines at complex buses are not connected to each other at an individual busbar. In this paper, a new formulation for PMU placement is developed based on ILP that considers the necessity of the network observability under all possible arrangements of lines connections at complex buses. Moreover, in order to prevent the installation of PMU for observability under arrangements that are possible but are not actually probable, a probabilistic PMU placement is presented that considers only the probable configurations, each weighted by its probability. In this case, the lines outage and PMUs failure probability are also taken into account. The simulation results indicate the performance of the presented method to solve PMU placement problem in the presence of complex buses and show that more number of PMUs are required in a network with complex buses.