Influences of number of hydroxyl groups and cooling solid surface temperature on ice adhesion force

It is important to quantitatively clarify factors governing ice adhesion force to a cooling solid surface. Thus, one of the authors considered hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of the ice and solid surface. Several additives with different numbers of hydroxyl groups were selected. The ice adhesion force of ice which is made from an additive-pure water mixture to a cooling hard glass surface was measured at a fixed surface temperature. Similar measurements were conducted with various molar-concentrations of several additives and with surface temperatures. Since the hydrogen bonding on the surface occurs after adsorption of the additive and ice adhesion force depends on surface energy of ice, measurements of the amounts of additives adsorbed to the SiO2 and the surface energy were similarly conducted. And influences of the number of hydroxyl groups in the adsorbed additive and the surface on ice adhesion force to the glass surface were quantitatively clarified.