Biconstituent phenomenon of information and cognitive data analysis

In this paper the principle of biconstituent information is considered as the unity of its "properties" and its "carrier" (for example, in optics knowledge about the reference and reflected rays is necessary for information extraction). In data analysis it is proposed to consider the measurement procedure as the "carrier" and the measured value as a "property". The existence of the risk of obtaining an incorrect result of processing the measurement data is stated because of the knowledge incompleteness of complicated in general case information mechanism. A generalized form of the object-property table is proposed to reflect the realities of the empirical data accumulation. Presence of dependencies between the results of the measurement procedures has been researched as one of the fundamental risk factors. The necessity of introducing the so-called "properties existence constraints" into the context of data analysis problems is justified as illustrated by examples from cognitive data analysis.