Knowledge and internationalization of returnee entrepreneurial firms

- A model of returnee entrepreneurial firms internationalization is proposed.
- We anchor the model theoretically in an entrepreneurial and knowledge-based view.
- Returnee entrepreneurs international experience nurtures returnee firms market knowledge.
- Market knowledge drives returnee firms market commitment and internationalization.
- Market knowledge, transferred by the returnees, explains initial international expansion.

This study aims to answer whether and how returnee entrepreneurs' international experience and returnee entrepreneurial firms' international market knowledge influence these firms' internationalization. Anchored in a framework combining an entrepreneurial and knowledge-based view, we develop a model and four hypotheses on the relations between returnee entrepreneurs' international experience, international market knowledge, international market commitment, and level of internationalization of the returnee entrepreneurial firm. Empirical evidence of the proposed model is derived from a recent sample of Chinese returnee SMEs in knowledge-intensive and high-technology industries. The main finding is that returnee entrepreneurs' international experience nurtures international market knowledge of returnee entrepreneurial firms, which in turn has a positive effect on these firms' international market commitment and level of internationalization. In terms of theory, the study extends our understanding of returnee entrepreneurial firms by uncovering the role of returnee entrepreneurs' international experience and returnee firms' international market knowledge during their initial and early international expansion.