کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
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5432342 | 1508830 | 2017 | 9 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
Novolac is a low-cost carbon precursor which can be used to derive nanoporous carbon beads in sub-micrometer size. In this study, we introduce this material as a novel electrode material for capacitive deionization (CDI) with high performance stability and superior desalination rate. The polymer beads were synthesized employing a self-emulsifying system in an autoclave, pyrolyzed under argon, and activated with CO2, yielding a specific surface area of 1905 m2 gâ1 with a high total pore volume of 1.26 cm3 gâ1. After CO2 activation, the material shows a salt sorption capacity of â¼8 mg gâ1, but the performance is highly influenced by functional groups, causing an inversion peak and fast performance decay. However, de-functionalization via hydrogen treatment is outlined as an effective strategy to improve the CDI performance. After hydrogen treatment of novolac-derived carbon beads, we obtained a salt sorption capacity of 11.5 mg gâ1 with a charge efficiency of more than 80% and a performance stability of around 90% over more than 100 cycles. Particularly attractive for practical application is the very high average salt adsorption rate of 0.104 mg gâ1 sâ1, outperforming commercial activated carbons, which are commonly used for CDI, by at least a factor of two.
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Journal: Carbon - Volume 117, June 2017, Pages 46-54