Cell competition in mammals - novel homeostatic machinery for embryonic development and cancer prevention

- In the epiblast, cell competition occurs between cells with different Myc levels.
- Cell competition can be a tumor suppressor mechanism by replenishing new cells.
- EDAC: cell competition-mediated anti-tumor activity of epithelial cells.
- Physical force plays a vital role in the induction of mechanical cell competition.

In the multi-cellular community, cells with different properties often compete with each other for survival and space. This process is named cell competition and was originally discovered in Drosophila. Recent studies have revealed that comparable phenomena also occur in mammals under various physiological and pathological conditions. Within the epithelium, normal cells often recognize the presence of the neighboring transformed cells and actively eliminate them from the epithelium; a process termed EDAC (Epithelial Defense Against Cancer). Furthermore, physical force can play a crucial role in the intercellular recognition and elimination of loser cells during cell competition. Further studies are expected to reveal a variety of roles of cell competition in embryonic development and human diseases.