A Stackelberg game spectrum sharing scheme in cognitive radio-based heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

• We focus on spectrum sharing in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) and consider Stackelberg game exploiting the cognitive radio (CR) technology to utilize those scarce resources. In our scheme, the licensed user impose a price on the shared frequency band and the cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) nodes have to buy the band to serve their own networks. As the dynamic game continues, equilibrium can be achieved with the optimal parameters.
• Introducing Stackelberg game enables the licensed network and actor nodes act dynamically and intelligently to handle the frequency allocation issue, and makes the underlying HWSN work in a self-organized manner.
• The data rate of the victim nodes and edge nodes is guaranteed due to the proposed scheme. During the dynamic interaction of the algorithm, because of employing the interference coordination features of HWSN and CR technology, the change of spectrum allocation is fully exploited.
• The frequency resources can be allocated efficiently and adaptively to licensed network and actor nodes in response to the dynamic status of nodes density.

In this paper, we focus on spectrum sharing in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) and consider Stackelberg game exploiting the cognitive radio (CR) technology to utilize those scarce resources. In the game, the licensed network controls and prices the available spectrum resource which the WSN relay: actor nodes can purchase and use to serve the attached sensor nodes as well as offload some nodes in licensed network. Both kinds of nodes try to maximize their own utility which is consisted of data rates, earning and expenditures on spectrum trading. During the dynamic interaction of the game, the interference coordination features of the heterogeneous sensor network and CR technology are employed so that the change of spectrum allocation can be fully exploited. According to simulation result, we evaluate the impact on throughput performance after implementing proposed game strategy in HWSN. And we prove that the proposed approach can significantly improve the throughput of victim licensed nodes with slightly decreasing network total throughput.